What is Text Formatting?
Ans. Text
formatting refers to the attributes of text other than the actual text itself.
For example: bold, italics, underlining, color, and size, are all
formatting attributes of text. The location of text can also be considered part
of the formatting. Text can be automatically centered, indented, or
positioned in other ways. When you wish to change the format of text,
you usually have to select the text, then do the formatting by clicking the appropriate
buttons. Occasionally, there are exceptions to the select-then-do paradigm. In
Microsoft Word, there is a feature called Format Painter with which you click
some already formatted text, then click the Format Painter toolbar button, then
drag the mouse cursor across some other text. The other text will be
"painted" with the formatting of the original text selected. If you
double-click the Format Painter button, then it will be "locked" and
you can paint lots of text. When you are done, click the Format Painter button
again to turn it off.
What are Kilobyte, Megabyte,
Gigabyte ... etc?
Ans.
Kilobyte: A Kilobyte is
approximately 1,000 Bytes, actually 1,024 Bytes depending on which
definition is used. 1 Kilobyte would be equal to this paragraph you are
reading, whereas 100 Kilobytes would equal an entire page.
Megabyte: A Megabyte is
approximately 1,000 Kilobytes. In the early days of computing, a
Megabyte was considered to be a large amount of data. These days with a 500
Gigabyte hard drive on a computer being common, a Megabyte doesn't seem like
much anymore. One of those old 3-1/2 inch floppy disks can hold 1.44 Megabytes
or the equivalent of a small book. 100 Megabytes might hold a couple volumes of
Encyclopedias. 600 Megabytes is about the amount of data that will fit on a
CD-ROM disk.
Gigabyte: A Gigabyte is
approximately 1,000 Megabytes. A Gigabyte is still a very common
term used these days when referring to disk space or drive storage. 1 Gigabyte
of data is almost twice the amount of data that a CD-ROM can hold. But it's
about one thousand times the capacity of a 3-1/2 floppy disk. 1 Gigabyte could
hold the contents of about 10 yards of books on a shelf. 100 Gigabytes could
hold the entire library floor of academic journals.
Terabyte: A Terabyte is
approximately one trillion bytes, or 1,000 Gigabytes. There was a
time that I never thought I would see a 1 Terabyte hard drive, now one and two
terabyte drives are the normal specs for many new computers. To put it in
some perspective, a Terabyte could hold about 3.6 million 300 Kilobyte images
or maybe about 300 hours of good quality video. A Terabyte could hold 1,000
copies of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Ten Terabytes could hold the printed
collection of the Library of Congress. That's a lot of data.
Petabyte: A Petabyte is
approximately 1,000 Terabytes or one million Gigabytes. It's
hard to visualize what a Petabyte could hold. 1 Petabyte could hold
approximately 20 million 4-door filing cabinets full of text. It could hold 500
billion pages of standard printed text. It would take about 500 million floppy
disks to store the same amount of data.
Exabyte: An Exabyte is
approximately 1,000 Petabytes. Another way to look at it is that an
Exabyte is approximately one quintillion bytes or one billion Gigabytes. There
is not much to compare an Exabyte to. It has been said that 5 Exabytes would be
equal to all of the words ever spoken by mankind.
Zettabyte: A Zettabyte is
approximately 1,000 Exabytes. There is nothing to compare a
Zettabyte to but to say that it would take a whole lot of ones and zeroes to
fill it up.
Yottabyte: A Yottabyte is approximately 1,000
Zettabytes. It would take approximately 11 trillion years to download a
Yottabyte file from the Internet using high-power broadband. You can compare it
to the World Wide Web as the entire Internet almost takes up about a Yottabyte.
Brontobyte: A Brontobyte is (you
guessed it) approximately 1,000 Yottabytes. The only thing there is
to say about a Brontobyte is that it is a 1 followed by 27 zeroes!
Geopbyte: A Geopbyte is
about 1000 Brontobytes! Not sure why this term was created. I'm
doubting that anyone alive today will ever see a Geopbyte hard drive. One way
of looking at a geopbyte is 15267 6504600 2283229 4012496 7031205 376 bytes!
What is the difference between Save and Save As?
Ans.
- Use
SAVE when you are updating an existing document.
- Use
SAVE AS when you are creating a new document from scratch
or an existing document. If you do for existing document, this will keep
the original document untouched in its original format and create a new
document with a new name with updated data.
Example: Open Notepad -> Type something -> Click on File ->
Save As. It will save the file by asking file name (sample.txt). If you want to
update the file use File -> Save. If you want another file name with (sample.txt
file data + added some another data), use Save As. Here sample.txt will be
untouched and new file will contain updated data.
. How can we find out basic
information (Operation System, RAM, CPU, Drivers etc.) about our computer?
Ans.
We can get the basic
information about our computer by following below steps:
- Right Click at my
computer icon.
- Click Properties.
- General tab will show the
processor and ram information
- And Hardware Tab ->
Device Manger will show the entire hardware resources attached with you
computer
Java
. How could Java classes direct program messages to the system
console, but error messages, say to a file?
Ans. By
default, both System console
and err point
at the system console.
The
class System has a variable out that represents the
standard output.
The
variable err that represents the standard error
device.
What are the differences
between an interface and an abstract class?
Ans.
- An abstract class may
contain code in method bodies, which is not allowed in an interface.
With abstract classes, you have to inherit your class from it and Java
does not allow multiple inheritance. On the other hand, you can implement
multiple interfaces in your class.
- can be implemented by
classes that are not related to one another and there is "HAS-A"
relationship.
- You cannot extend more
than one abstract class. You can implement more than one
interface.
- Abstract class can
implemented some methods also. Interfaces can not
implement methods.
- With abstract classes,
you are grabbing away each class’s individuality. With Interfaces,
you are merely extending each class’s functionality.
Why would you use a
synchronized block vs. synchronized method?
Ans.
- blocks place locks
for shorter periods than synchronized methods.
- If you go for
synchronized block it will lock a specific object.
- If you go for
synchronized method it will lock all the objects.
- In other way Both the
synchronized method and block are used to acquires the lock for an object.
But the context may vary. Suppose if we want to invoke a critical method
which is in a class whose access is not available then synchronized block
is used. Otherwise synchronized method can be used.
- Synchronized methods are
used when we are sure all instance will work on the same set of data
through the same function Synchronized block is used when we use code
which we cannot modify ourselves like third party jars etc.
How can you force garbage collection?
Ans. You can't force GC, but could request it by calling System.gc(). JVM does not guarantee that GC will be started immediately.
The following code of program will help you in forcing the garbage
collection. First of all we have created an object for the garbage collector to
perform some operation. Then we have used the System.gc(); method to force the
garbage collection on that object. Then we have used the
System.currentTimeMillis(); method to show the time take by the garbage
collector.
How do you know if an explicit object casting is needed?
Ans. If
you assign a superclass object to a variable of a subclass's data type, you
need to do explicit casting. For example:
What is the difference between
constructors and other methods in core java?
Ans.
-
- needs to have the
same name as that of the class whereas functions need not be the same.
- There is no return type
given in a constructor signature (header). The value is this object itself
so there is no need to indicate a return value.
- There is no return
statement in the body of the constructor.
- The first line of a
constructor must either be a call on another constructor in the same class
(), or a call on the superclass constructor). If the first line is neither
of these, the compiler automatically inserts a call to the parameterless
super class constructor.
